Replies to post #48903 on Lightwave Logic Inc (LWLG)

[Richard_LaRiv]

Wow. So we could tap markets in both coherent and direct detect markets. Short reach, metro, and long haul. I was not aware of that.

Thanks for asking the question and sharing the answer. This is big news. Basically LWLG has the potential to partner with any player in the transceiver market regardless of target market, datacenter or telecom. Am I understanding the implications correctly?




If anyone's curious about what the heck the difference is:

https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/industry-perspectives/coherent-vs-direct-detection-metro-data-center-interconnectivity

[ombowstring]

PG, isn't a company, whether an established player or a start-up, with a brand new technology likely to leapfrog Lightwave and make their technology obsolete? There's always a company building a better mousetrap in multitudes of industries revolutionizing their respective fields of endeavor.

For example, check out these companies/technologies -

https://hyperlightcorp.com/

https://phys.org/news/2019-02-silicon-photonic-lowest-loss-high-speed.html

https://lightmatter.co/

https://www.lightelligence.ai/

Let me confess that I'm no expert in the technical aspects of all this wizardry, just an individual investor.

Also, it doesn't seem logical that LWLG with its 20 or so employees is going to be manufacturing their prototypes, so what piece of the pie would you expect Lightwave to get for licensing their patented devices/materials?

[prototype_101]

Bump>LWLG Modulators are capable of both phase and amplitude modulations

I touched on this topic quite a while ago, but it didn't seem to generate much interest on the board. I think it's a big deal...so I'm repeating it again just so everyone is aware that LWLG Modulators are capable of both types of modulations. You will see the term IQ Modulation bandied about. By definition, IQ Modulation is synonymous with phase modulation. The 'I' stands for "in-phase" and the 'Q' stands for "quadrature".

Common Phase Modulation formats: QPSK, PSK, BPSK, APSK, FSK, QAM

Common amplitude modulation formats: NRZ (aka OFK, PAM2), PAM4, PAM8

I emailed the company about whether LWLG's polymer modulators have any issues with maintaining orthogonal polarizations. Karen Liu replied and said there is no issue with independent polarization through LWLG's modulators.

Consequently, there is no problem with LWLG delivering (or licensing the technology to build) modulators that provide IQ modulation in two orthogonal (horiz and vert) polarizations.

In practice, coherent IQ Modulation can be done on both the vertical and horizontal polarizations, per the graphic below. By demux'ing the data into de-interleaved data streams that are then applied to each leg of the interferometer in the modulator and delaying one leg by 90 degrees (quadrature), each polarization can encode its own independent data stream. Essentially, coherent IQ Modulation on dual polarizations enables a single modulator to become four modulators.

Long story short...LWLG has no issues/problems with using their tech to build modulators that support any/all modulation formats, whether amplitude modulated or phase modulated. This opens up a whole new realm of applicability of the modulators for phase modulation, e.g., QPSK, APSK, QAM, etc.

I am a little surprised that management doesn't highlight this capability in the presentation, as I think it's a big deal. Karen's response to this question is that the company feels the true differentiator of LWLG's tech is the speed.

For those who are interested in a deeper look into how modulators work, check out this excellent Application Note by Keysight.

PG

ps: Here is a turbo tutorial on how IQ Modulation (phase modulation) works:

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