Page 189 second paragraph midway down look at "Experimental Data Suggests......"
Systemic effects work by producing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) at the site of injection; by lysing cancer cells, resulting in the release of tumor-derived antigens; and by creating a microenvironment that promotes systemic immune responses against tumor-derived antigens.
What we have to look forward to:
The use of immune modulation to treat cancer is finally receiving its due. Unlike chemotherapy and radiation treatments, which directly attack cancer cells, immunotherapy agents augment the body’s normal immune machinery, increasing its ability to fight tumors. This strategy involves either introducing compounds that directly stimulate the immune cells to work harder, or introducing synthetic proteins that mimic the components of the normal immune response, thereby increasing the body’s entire immune reaction. Last year, cancer immunotherapy was named “Breakthrough of the Year” by the journal Science, placing it in the company of the first cloned mammal and the complete sequencing of the human genome. With a handful of therapies already on the market, and dozens more showing promise in all stages of clinical development, these treatments are poised to forever change the way that we approach cancer management.
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