MM you wrote The way you defined 2 and 4 shouldn't they be the same?
2)Independent = net change in price of stock from one day to another day. (4)Dependent = price of stock today vs price of stock tomorrow
answer: (2) and (4) ARE NOT THE SAME This is a FACTOID= 100% fact
Let me try to explain: ............................................................ (2)If you plot the "change" in prices over say a year, you will get a log normal distribution. Translation: An almost normal distribution curve, but it has a long tail to the right.
This is where the random market theory comes from. ...................................................... (4)If you plot the closing prices on a stock over say year, you get that zig zag line, which "looks radom", but is far from random. Why? Because today's closing QQQ price has a memory of yesterday's closing price built into it. And if you take say the last 4 days and start to predict tomorrow's price, there is more memory(dependency)to the calculations. ..........................................................
This is the best I can do using the language of English. The language of "math" allows better transfer of facts.