I think I mislead you. Ab inito, there is no way to determine if some how the bacteria you started with were not two populations. But you can easily plate out the bugs when you start and pick a single colony, and then plate that single colony out and pick the single colony spot and do that passage a few times and then you can be sure that you really are starting with a single begining bacteria. This has been done many times to answer that question.
So they are new bacteria. you can also make them yourself and proe what you are thining is possible. all you do is let them have a plasmid with the ampicilin resistant gene. you can confer almost any property you want to with with the right gene. bugs in your gut transfer genetic material to other bugs in your gut all the time, making new genetically different bugs
if you start with a large number of bugs, they naturally mutate. if you have ampicillin in the growth media, you find the ones that have mutated. if you use kanamycin, you find the ones that have become kanamycin resistant.
If you add chemical mutagens, you can increase the frequency of mutation, and get a higher number of bugs that are resistant. If you use soft x-rays, you can do the same thing.
The background radiation in stone is enough to produce mutations in humans over long periods of time and large populations. Each radioactive beta particle will blast a small hole into a DNA molecule. The dioxin in wood fire smoke will also help things along. Uv radiation does the same thing. So does sexual reproduction: it changes the genetic code of the offspring. If you have 60,000 genes using 600 million base pairs and there is a .00001 percent chance that a nucleotide could be put in wrongly, you have many nucleotides different.
basically our environment is constantly changing our genetic structure. our environment can also act as a selector so you can see the changes. Natural selection a la darwin is simply a lens to see mutations which have happened that you did not know about before the selection process made them more prominent.
now how this ended up with a human is another story. "scientists" will throw up there hands and say 2 billion years is an unimaginably long time and somethign could happen real slowly.
but it does not explain what happened to Neanderthal.
Some people even beleive genesis is a story of genetically engineered humans by aliens. I will not go there any further
and to make it worse some of our best proteins, receptors that turn our DNA on and off that are basic to our life like estrogen recptors or thyroid receptors are very well conserved among fish, rats, chickens, frogs etc. In fact a lot of our genes are really similar all along the animal phylum. Insects even have similar genes as the ones we use when we put acne medication on our faces. And plants have simiar proteins as our steroid hormone proteins
So now people wonder why the basic lifestuff or units, genes, is so well conserved among animals and plants. Did some one design the whole thing, and then let it brew and change around a bit through evolution?
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