In a legitimate "dupe" both of the above can be proven and defended........
Speaking of being duped........Remember the former (15 year) SEC Attorney\Dallas Lawyer, Phillip W. Offill Jr. case involving "Consolidated Sports Media Group" in Addison, Texas I had mentioned some time back?
Looks like the result is just in......... Take a gander at the sentence too.
Fact is that these stock "dupes" are not so simple or small as to allow a narrow mind to simply wrap around and just have them all figured out beforehand.......nope ain't happnin'