Out of curiosity, do all facilities use cryogenic refrigerators, or do some have cryogenic plants making liquid nitrogen, then have insulated devices that can be filled with liquid nitrogen at regular intervals, monitored, but essentially centralize everything around the liquid nitrogen being made on site. Some liquid nitrogen would be needed if shipping the vaccine in vacuum flasks filled with liquid nitrogen. Independent companies also can supply liquid nitrogen, but I'd think you'd want the capability where you're storing and delivering the vaccine.
If a refrigerator fails, is there normally a way of adding liquid nitrogen until they're repaired, or if everything must be moved to other refrigerators. Many year's ago IMGN lost all drugs intended for a major new trial when a cryogenic refrigerator failed and not detected in time to save the product. It took over a year to make the product that was lost.
Gary
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