TABLE OF CONTENTS Page QUESTIONS PRESENTED .......................................i RULE 29.6 STATEMENT ......................................... ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ....................................... v INTRODUCTION ....................................................... 1 STATEMENT OF THE CASE ................................... 5 A. Legal Background .......................................... 5 B. Procedural History ........................................ 8 REASONS FOR DENYING THE PETITION ......... 11 I. THE DECISION BELOW CORRECTLY VACATED THE RULE ON APPROPRIATIONS CLAUSE GROUNDS............................................................. 11 A. The Appropriations Clause Ensures Congressional Oversight Of The Federal Fisc And Executive Power ............. 11 B. The CFPB’s Funding Statute Nullifies Congress’s Appropriations Power In An Unprecedented Manner ......................... 13 C. The Bureau’s Merits Defenses Of Its Funding Scheme All Fail............................. 18 D. The Bureau’s Remedial Defenses Of The Rule Also Fail ....................................... 25 II. IN ALL EVENTS, THE JUDGMENT BELOW DOES NOT WARRANT REVIEW.............................. 28 A. This Case Is A Bad Vehicle Because There Are Two Antecedent Grounds For Vacating The Rule ................................ 29 B. Further Percolation Is Warranted For