I found a small study of three patients with severe CV19 that received V intra-nasally via some kind of feeding tube, didn't post it because patients were given every med under the sun, doubt V could be credited for any improvements they had - didn't save the link. How they got caps thru the nose into the gut is beyond me, but if they cracked open the caps and dripped liquid into their stomachs V was consumed by stomach acid - the purpose of the special capsule it to prevent oxidation _and_ allow it to pass into the small intestine before the cap shell is penetrated.