Evaluation of the Sublingual Route for Administration of Influenza H5N1 Virosomes in Combination with the Bacterial Second Messenger c-di-GMP
Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
Competing Interests
Dr. Ebensen and Dr. Guzmán have a potential conflict of interest due to a patent application (EP 05 02 4266). The other authors report no conflicts of interests.
(Mario Roederer, Vaccine Research Centre, NIH, USA) and multifunctional CD4+ Th1 cells were identified as previously described [30], [32], [33].
30.Madhun AS, Haaheim LR, Nilsen MV, Cox RJ (2009) Intramuscular Matrix-M-adjuvanted virosomal H5N1 vaccine induces high frequencies of multifunctional Th1 CD4+ cells and strong antibody responses in mice. Vaccine 27: 7367–7376.
Acknowledgments
We thank Crucell, The Netherlands, GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium and the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, UK for providing influenza vaccine and antigens, Rishi Pathirana, Åsne Jul-Larsen and Turid Helen Felli Lunde for help with performing experiments and the staff at the animal facilities at the University of Bergen for their help with handling and taking care of the animals.
Single dose hepatitis A immunisation: 7.5 year observational pilot study in Nicaraguan children to assess protective effectiveness and humoral immune memory response.
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