I suggest that if you want to learn more about mining scams, you should first learn about the actual legal reporting requirements and the science behind mineral exploration. That includes how exploration is actually conducted, and how legitimate companies report mineral resources and reserves.
In the US, the SEC's Industry Guide 7 (currently) governs what companies (both public and private) can say, but all of Industry Guide 7 is based on the professional standards, which in the US are set by SME (Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration). You can find their current Guide for Reporting Exploration Results, Mineral Resources, and Mineral Reserves on their website:
A dollar value on in-ground mineral reserves is not only illegal, it is impossible. Even when a company has completed a full (bankable) feasibility study. And a full feasibility requires the engagement of numerous independent, qualified experts to conduct numerous studies, all of which are time-consuming and expensive.
The average time to bring a mine into production today, from discovery to first production, is about 19 years. YEARS. These fraudulent, non-SEC registered companies that claim to have billions in minerals without any actual scientific studies that can be exploited quickly are flat-out lying. They don't fool anyone that has even a basic understanding of mineral exploration, but that is not their target. They are looking to dump stock on the ignorant and easily fooled.
The best way to avoid being taken by such scams is a little bit of knowledge about the industry and how it actually works.
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