Apple claimed they doubled performance (probably a combination of clock and ipc)
Frequency no doubt heavily contributes. The A6 in the iPhone 5 runs at 1.3GHz, while Qualcomm and Samsung are trying to shoehorn processors in at up to 2GHz, and above. My guess is that Apple gets about 30% from IPC, and about 50% from frequency.
By the way - peak power while running sustained workloads will also have to double (A6 probably peaks around 1.5-2W at the SOC level - note that this likely puts A7 at or above Bay Trail in power dissipation). Expect iPhone 5S to get pretty hot while running benchmarks in a loop.
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