…if someone like Teva does all steps outside the US, then they can launch their generics in the US.
I don't think this is true. My understanding from looking into this a while ago is that it doesn't matter where the infringing action takes place. If you import for sale into the US a product whose manufacture would have been in violation of US patent had those actions been taken in the US, the same patent law/protections apply. Otherwise the patent protection is close to pointless.