NorthWest Biotherapeutics Inc (NWBO)

[Hopeforthefuture3]

Gary, UCLS has been using immune stimulants such as poly-iclc in at least some of their trials for quite some time. This is from a paper from 2011 with Prins as primary author:

The concomitant administration of 5% imiquimod or poly ICLC with DC vaccination was also found to be safe and did not result in any additional toxicity or adverse events. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of TLR agonists in conjunction with DC vaccination strategies in brain tumor patients. Because TLR agonists were used only in patients in the booster phase, it is unclear whether or to what extent the addition of the TLR agonists contributed to the potential efficacy and overall survival of these patients. Furthermore, imiquimod and poly-ICLC are two different biological agents, targeting different TLRs. Imiquimod activates TLR-7, while poly-ICLC activates TLR-3, but both induce pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. These complexities make it somewhat difficult to determine how these innate immune modifiers actually contributed to our study endpoints. Nevertheless, this current study establishes the safety of these TLR agonists in conjunction with glioma lysate-loaded DC, and further Phase II studies directly comparing these TLR agonists at the time of initial vaccination (not only in the booster phase) are currently underway.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3071163/