Correction of autophagy through modification of MAMs also has a therapeutic effect on some aging, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases. However, several further investigations have demonstrated that the level of autophagy is negatively linked to the strength of the ER-mitochondria connection. Structural or functional disruptions of MAMs and abnormal autophagy activation have been observed in cancer or multiple toxic agents, as well as in some hereditary diseases. Analysis of the underlying mechanisms concludes that this phenomenon may be tied to the AMPK pathway and altered Ca2+ transport.
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