Lightwave Logic Inc (LWLG)

[Fruno]

Something to note in comparing the referenced paper to the most recent LWLG patent regarding thermal stability. In the paper on page 30, in a discussion of 'Future Outlook' of electro-optic polymers, there is this:

Further improvement in EO polymers will lead to devices that can efficiently and stably operate at elevated temperatures (as high as 100C), which is beneficial for installation in harsh environments or translates into reduced energy consumption for the cooling systems and lowers running costs in data centers. Such devices were very recently demonstrated in Ref. 255, where a high glass transition temperature is essential for the thermal reliability and long-term operation; Tg values exceeding 200C have already been
reported.

Note that 100C is considered "harsh". Also, reference 255 is a paper from Japan published in 2020 regarding high-temperature-resistant modulators. It calls 110C "extremely high ambient temperatures". It references "ultra-high" glass transition temperatures (where the polymer loses it's crystalline structure and softens) as 172C.

From the patent:

The electro-optic polymer core has an electro-optic coefficient (r33) greater than 250 pm/V, and a Tg 150° C. to
>200° C., and the top and bottom electro-optic polymer
cladding layers having a Tg approximately the same as the
Tg of the electro-optic polymer core.

So LWLG has addressed the concerns related to "harsh" temperatures by using materials with "ultra-high" glass transition temperatures. The paper from Japan has been referenced as an indication that there are better materials available that are more stable (in other words, this research is a threat to LWLG). LWLG already has such materials in use in patented devices that are ready for market. The paper is pure research done by Universities and is not related to on-going development.

I know most on the board understand that thermal stability concerns have already been addressed. This puts the issue in context in case anyone else brings it up. LWLG is way ahead of the curve.