Saturday, June 05, 2021 10:28:38 AM
Research
COVID-19
This section is an excerpt from Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic[edit]
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial medications also used against some auto-immune diseases.[54] Chloroquine, along with hydroxychloroquine, was an early failed experimental treatment for COVID-19.[55] They are not effective for preventing infection.[56][57][58][59][60]
Several countries initially used chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for treatment of persons hospitalized with COVID-19 (as of March 2020), though the drug was not formally approved through clinical trials.[61][62] From April to June 2020, there was an emergency use authorization for their use in the United States,[63] and was used off label for potential treatment of the disease.[64] On 24 April 2020, citing the risk of "serious heart rhythm problems", the FDA posted a caution against using the drug for COVID-19 "outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial".[65]
Their use was withdrawn as a possible treatment for COVID-19 infection when it proved to have no benefit for hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 illness in the international Solidarity trial and UK RECOVERY Trial.[66][67] On 15 June, the FDA revoked its emergency use authorization, stating that it was "no longer reasonable to believe" that the drug was effective against COVID-19 or that its benefits outweighed "known and potential risks".[68][69][70] In fall of 2020, the National Institutes of Health issued treatment guidelines recommending against the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 except as part of a clinical trial.[54]
Other viruses
Chloroquine was originally proposed as a treatment for SARS, with in vitro tests inhibiting the SARS-CoV virus.[71][72] In October 2004, a group of researchers at the Rega Institute for Medical Research published a report on chloroquine, stating that chloroquine acts as an effective inhibitor of the replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in vitro.[71]
Chloroquine was being considered in 2003, in pre-clinical models as a potential agent against chikungunya fever.[73]
Other
The radiosensitizing and chemosensitizing properties of chloroquine are beginning to be exploited in anticancer strategies in humans.[74][75] In biomedicinal science, chloroquine is used for in vitro experiments to inhibit lysosomal degradation of protein products.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroquine
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