As far as ethics of control arms in this situation, every other trial I know of that was halted for efficacy allowed patients on trial to immediately cross to treatment if applicable.
are those other trials you know off also as lethal as GBM? I think not. If NWBO would have halted for reasons of efficiency then they would never have been able to prove the golden standard in cancer treatment OS. DCVAX perhaps would have been short-lived and been taken over by another treatment improving PFS with a couple of weeks, and in such NWBO neglecting the real potential of DCVAX.
It's clear NWBO chose to prove years of extra life even complete survival, not a few months PFS. To be able to do so the trial could not be halted.
A trial stopped ‘early’ for efficacy might promote adoption of a therapy without understanding of its full consequences, either because the trial was too small or duration too short to accrue sufficient safety endpoints, often a problem even if a trial continues to its planned end
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