Inhalable nanovaccine with biomimetic coronavirus structure ... www.sciencedirect.com › science › article To stir up mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract, we designed a SARS-CoV-2 like virosome platform containing capsid, nucleic acid and spike protein. Here, we used a biomimetic pulmonary surfactant (bio-PS) layer mimetic “capsid” composed of DPPC/DPPG/DPPE-COOH/Chol., And the outer layer of PS covalently linked RBD as the “spike protein” to form a virosome, which mimicked the structure of SARS-CoV-2, and played the role of aggregation and combination of RBD antigen, thus enhanced the immunogenicity of RBD. P
Poly(I:C) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA, which can be used as the core genetic material of the virosome and induce innate immunity by stimulating Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) pathway.[43] This inhalable nanovaccine can get into alveolar macrophages (AMs) and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) with the help of surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) without damaging the pulmonary surfactant to induce mucosal immunity
Intramuscular injection is the main route of administration for vaccines currently developed, but nasal delivery may be an attractive and more efficacious route.[46] The inhalable nanovaccine mimic the structure and invasion mode of SARS-CoV-2 as much as possible, and better induce the mucosal immunity of the inoculator. The importance and originality of this study are that it explores inhalable immunizations induce mucosal immunity more efficiently than injectable methods to neutralize SARS-CoV-2, which this inhalable nanovaccine strategy might inspire a new approach to the precaution of respiratory viruses.
the inhalable nanovaccine can better inspire respiratory mucosal immunity and secrete large amounts of sIgA on the mucosal surface as a barrier against virus invasion, as well as avoid pain and potential infection. Hence, the strategy of nasal immunization with inhalable bionic-virus nanovaccine strategy that may possess wider application potential for respiratory infectious disease against many emerging pandemics.
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