Avid Bioservices Inc (CDMO)

[biopharm]

..(GAPDH), a protein with many nonglycolytic moonlighting functions. In addition to playing a role in the phosphorylation of the receptor, GAPDH may also participate in proper receptor trafficking to the plasma membrane. We previously showed that volatile anesthetics affect GAPDH structure and function that may contribute to the manner by which GAPDH modulates the receptor. In the current study, GAPDH interacted with engineered phospholipid-containing vesicles, preferring association with phosphatidylserine over phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidyl-serine is known to participate in membrane trafficking of transport proteins and to play a role in receptor stability and function. We observed that GAPDH promoted the self-association and fusion of phosphatidyl-serine-rich vesicles as well as decreased membrane fluidity. Isoflurane enhanced each of these GAPDH-mediated events. Isoflurane also increased the binding of GAPDH to the cytoplasmic loop of the receptor. These observations are consistent with the working model of isoflurane playing a role in the trafficking of membrane proteins. This study is the first to implicate GAPDH and isoflurane in the regulation of receptor localization, providing insight into the mechanism of action of anesthesia.

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2012/970795/

Why has Peregrine Pharmaceuticals now Avid never disclosed any other Biomarkers associated with GAPDH and the protein pathway changes after PS Targeting events ?

Many patents become worthless if PS Targeting advances are allowed and maybe someone needs to ask Dr Jedd Wolchok about cytokine storms and PS Targeting

A predominant belief amongst immunologists is that an unrestrained pro-inflammatory mediator cascade causes disease [1, 2, 4-12]. The dysregulated sequence of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to disease has been referred to as a “cytokine storm” [13] or “inflammatory cascade” [14], as one cytokine typically leads to the production of multiple other cytokines to reinforce and amplify the immune response.

https://patents.google.com/patent/US8715658

AstraZeneca seems to have interest in GAPDH