We have videos of copper-zinc mines forming on the sea bottom from hot water vents at about http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/hellscrust/html/sidebar2.html 700 degrees fareheit. The sliding plates of continental drift westwards over the pacific create the volcanic heat to drive these systems. Just about all mines seem to be seafloor vent related. Every drill project I have been on is near an iron formation, a near volcanic oxide or sulfide proximal sea bed precipitation feature, on pillow lavas, the exudation underwater of mafic flows from vents, and nearby there are felsic porphyries. The copper-zinc, nickel and gold mines are always near each other, preferring rocks of different type as hosts. Nickel likes mafic rocks, gold also mafics, but in felsic siliceous veins in carbonated shears. Cu-zn likes felsic pyroclastic, turgid, volcanoes. Both copper and gold like felsic porphyries.
What does gold really really like? Sericite mica, copper, iron sulfide, arsenopyrite, talc and mudstones, sedimentary tuffaceous environments (shales), high chrome mafics, shear zones saturated in carbonate. Quartz felspar porphyries. Gold is 50 times more soluble in the presence of tellurium or arsenic in co-solution. Take those puppies out of a solvent and you have your gold following. Gold loves mica and iron. Where you have iron stained quartz, with copper and muscovite/sercite mica along the shears you gotta have gold. Other indicators? Manganese in the vein, green-blue rock with tension or sheared quartz carbonate veins.
Gold likes to be where mafic andesites contact sediments. the sediments can be greywackes, or volcanic tuffs. If a qtz eye or qtz-felsdspar porphyry accompanies a major structural disturbance, and resulting silica veining in shears or tension fractures is iron stained, has fuchsite, ankerite, carbonate, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sericite, or possibly gold, then stake like mad. See pillow lavas? See a volcanic-sedimentary contact? See disseminated pyrite, or chalco pyrite? See lots of quartz in ladder work, contorted or crack-filled veins. See highly sheared rocks, as if the whole rock fabric was made up of little slices no wider than a sliver? Is the colour of the rocks, blueish, or green on a fresh or wheathered surface? Tension fractures? Porphyry? Do the rocks fizz when you put 10% HCL on them? Are there large mills and headframe nearby? Do children point out bit of metal in the rock you have passed and tell you "hey! that looks like gold!" Well, there could be gold thereabouts.
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