heybrad- That past Markman ruling is meaningless in this case and cannot be brought into this case (though of course they are trying as lawyers always do). The reason is the last case was never fully litigated because the intfringers choose to settle rather than risk losing. I am sure if the past Markman ruling could be easily used and was a strong issue in this case that Fred and Handal never would have filed the cases. Their faith and hard work here has earned my trust.