rotor, I think you are right. But then that brings up the question of just what will prevent a repeat of this at any time the banks so desire ? I think this whole charade will only end when the CBs have to deal with a problem that is too big for them to handle. Then all hell breaks loose. I think it's coming. How would the Fed deal with a major financial crisis precipitated in Europe's banking system ? Would they double QE to $170Billion/mo ? One thing is for sure: the paper gold market needs to be killed for the real value of the PMs to be traded.