By The Associated Press Updated: Thursday, June 21, 2012
SARJEH, Syria — Rebel commander Ahmed Eissa al-Sheikh keeps a paper on his desk bearing the names of the dead from his brigade. The first 16 are neatly typed below a Quranic verse extolling martyrdom. The next 14 are handwritten and crammed into the margin, because the paper is full.
Al-Sheikh, an Islamist with a long black beard and gray fatigues, runs the Falcons of Damascus group from the mayor’s office in his village, which his fighters have taken over. The list is a constant reminder of al-Sheikh’s personal score with the Syrian regime: 20 of the dead are his relatives, including three brothers and his 16-year-old son, all killed fighting Syrian forces in the last year.
One of northern Syria’s most powerful and best-armed commanders, al-Sheikh boasts more than 1,000 fighters, and they don’t shy away from rougher tactics. They have released prisoners in bomb-laden cars and detonated them at army checkpoints — turning the drivers into unwitting suicide bombers.
Most of their weapons are booty, including at least two anti-aircraft guns, some anti-tank missiles and one tank, but they buy arms with donations from “honorable businessmen.” Although al-Sheikh, who ran a grocery store before the uprising, wouldn’t disclose the source or amount, he gets enough to pay some of his men monthly salaries of about $25, slightly more for those with wives and children. His fighters say the cash comes from Syrian expatriates and other Arabs. He was heard on the phone thanking a group in Bahrain.
“God willing, Syria will not bow to anyone but Allah after the regime falls,” he said.
Al-Sheikh is one face of the rebel movement in Syria. There are many more.
During two weeks in northern Syria, three Associated Press journalists counted more than 20 rebel groups, with anywhere from fewer than 100 to more than 1,000 fighters each. They go by names like the Idlib Martyrs Brigade and the Shield of the Revolution, and while all share a deep hatred of President Bashar Assad’s regime, their unity stops there.
Simply put, no one is in charge.
This occurs at a time when efforts to end 15 months of strife in Syria are collapsing, and the rebel movement has taken the lead in the struggle against Assad. Some countries have talked of boosting the rebels’ capabilities against the regime, and U.S. officials have said that U.S. operatives are sifting among the rebel groups to determine which should receive arms from other Arab nations.
Rebel coordination rarely extends beyond neighboring towns and villages and never to the provincial or national level. Many rebels don’t even know the commanders in towns two hours away.
Rebels have scored small victories against regime forces throughout Syria’s northern Idlib province. Armed with bought, looted or homemade weapons, they have destroyed government army posts and littered main highways with charred army vehicles.
But Syria’s army retains a chokehold on many large towns and cities with tanks, attack helicopters and heavy artillery, weapons that the rebels’ arms can’t challenge.
Even groups associated with the Free Syrian Army, which claims to represent the armed opposition, bemoan the failure of its Turkey-based leadership to deliver aid.
Massacre Reported in Syria as Security Council Meets
By RICK GLADSTONE and NEIL MacFARQUHAR Published: July 12, 2012
Syrian opposition activists said more than 200 people were killed in a Sunni village on Thursday by government forces using tanks and helicopters, which, if confirmed, would be the worst in a series of massacres that have convulsed Syria’s .. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/syria/index.html?inline=nyt-geo .. increasingly sectarian uprising against President Bashar al-Assad.
The Syrian government also reported a mass killing in the village but said it was committed by armed terrorist groups, the official description for Mr. Assad’s opponents. It said at least 50 people were killed.
The site of the reported massacre, the village of Tremseh near the city of Hama, a focal point of the 17-month-old uprising, was the first mass killing since United Nations cease-fire monitors suspended their work in Syria a month ago because conditions were too dangerous.
Activists in Hama posted a video on YouTube ..
.. [it's gruesome don't look] accusing the government of “ethnic cleansing in Hama,” and said the killings in Tremseh were “unlike any massacre that has previously occurred in Syria.” Tremseh is a Sunni village surrounded by villages populated by Mr. Assad’s Alawite sect.
Initial reports of an atrocity in Tremseh came as Security Council diplomats were meeting in a closed session at the United Nations to work on drafting a new resolution to force Mr. Assad’s government and its armed antagonists to honor a cease-fire, allow the monitors to resume their work, and carry out a peace plan by the special envoy Kofi Annan. .. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/a/kofi_annan/index.html?inline=nyt-per .. That plan has been ignored despite repeated pleas by Mr. Annan to Mr. Assad.
The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood, one of Mr. Assad’s most outspoken foes, issued a statement blaming not only Mr. Assad but also his foreign backers for the massacre. It singled out Russia, Iran and Mr. Annan.
“The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria do not consider Bashar the Beast the only one responsible for this horrific massacre,” it said. “Responsibility for this and for previous massacres also lies with Annan, with the Russians and the Iranians, and all those states who claim they are protecting peace and stability yet stay silent and skulk away from taking any responsibility.”
Reports by the Local Coordination Committees, an anti-Assad group in Syria, said many Tremseh victims were shot as they tried to escape the bombardments. The group put the death toll at 200, and activists reached by telephone said it could be as many as 250. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a British-based group with contacts in Syria, said that government troops “bombarded the village using tanks and helicopters” and that the death toll exceeded 100.
Syria’s state television ran a series of urgent bulletins attributing the high toll to clashes between the security forces and terrorist attackers. It said that security forces had arrested a number of suspects in the village and had seized significant weapons caches including some from Israel, another standard government accusation meant to imply Israeli subterfuge.
The state television report said that security forces had entered the village only after receiving “calls from local residents to save them from the terrorist groups which committed massacres against civilians.”
Abu Mohammad, a resident of a nearby village named Kfar Hod, who said he had visited Tremseh afterward, described in a telephone interview a scene of devastation, with bodies strewed in fields, on streets and in private homes. He said about 50 corpses had been retrieved from the Orontes River adjoining the village. Most residents were farmers, said Abu Mohammed, who did not want to be identified by his complete name for fear of retribution.
He said a convoy of vehicles from Alawite villages had parked outside the village early Thursday, including five trucks filled with soldiers, and began shooting. They were backed by tanks along the village’s eastern edge. Pro-Assad militiamen known as shabiha deployed on the western edge of the village, he said, and “fired at anyone or any car that tried to leave the village.”
The village lies just west of Hama, along a fault line running roughly parallel to the Orontes River between the highlands populated by Alawites and the plains dominated by Sunni Muslims, the majority in Syria and the bulk of the armed opposition. Should Syria descend into a full-blown civil war, as many now fear, experts expect the bloodletting to be especially fierce in the string of villages that run along that line because they are so religiously and ethnically mixed — not only Alawites and Sunnis but also Christians, Ismailis and other sects from the patchwork of Syria’s groups.
The previous largest massacre, in Houla, where 108 people were killed on May 25, was farther south along the same line. Opposition groups said Mr. Assad’s forces did the killing in Houla. But Mr. Assad, in a recent television interview, placed blame for the atrocity on his enemies, who he said had dressed in army uniforms to make the government look bad.
Word of the Tremseh killings came as new fractures opened in Mr. Assad’s hierarchy. The first ambassador to break with him since the uprising began exhorted his countrymen to join the revolution, and he urged the armed forces to “turn your guns on the criminals from this regime.”
The statement by the ambassador, Nawaf Fares, who defected on Wednesday from his post in Baghdad and is believed to be in Qatar, came as the Syrian government announced that he had been dismissed and could face prosecution. That was essentially a confirmation that Mr. Fares had joined Mr. Assad’s enemies.
His remarks, broadcast by Al Jazeera in a video statement and an interview, also denounced Iran for providing Mr. Assad with military and economic support.
“Iran is contributing to the problem, it is a cause of the problem, so how can it be part of the solution?” he said.
Earlier Thursday, antigovernment activists posted videos online claiming that Syrian forces had added unguided cluster bombs .. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/cluster_munitions/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier .., designed to maximize damage and casualties, to their arsenal. Weapons experts said the videos were credible. Steve Goose, arms division director at Human Rights Watch, said if the images were confirmed it would be the first documented use of cluster munitions in the conflict.
Rick Gladstone reported from New York, and Neil MacFarquhar from Beirut, Lebanon. Reporting was contributed by J. David Goodman from New York, Alan Cowell from London, Dalal Mawad from Beirut and Hwaida Saad from Antakya, Turkey.
A version of this article appeared in print on July 13, 2012, on page A6 of the New York edition with the headline: Massacre Reported in Syrian Village as U.N. Security Council Meets.
Why Russia Is Backing Syria .. By RUSLAN PUKHOV .. July 6, 2012 .. Moscow
MANY in the West believe that Russia’s support for Syria stems from Moscow’s desire to profit from selling arms to Bashar al-Assad’s government and maintain its naval facility at the Syrian port of Tartus. But these speculations are superficial and misguided. The real reason that Russia is resisting strong international action against the Assad regime is that it fears the spread of Islamic radicalism and the erosion of its superpower status in a world where Western nations are increasingly undertaking unilateral military interventions. .. more .. http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=77287256
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