In the Division’s estimation, data made public by certain self-regulatory organizations (“SROs”) indicate that orders marked “short” under current regulations account for nearly 50% of listed equity share volume.3 Short selling involves a sale of a security that the seller does not own or a sale that is consummated by the delivery of a security borrowed by, or for the account of, the seller.4 Typically, the short seller later closes out the position by purchasing equivalent securities on the open market and returning the security to the lender.5 In general, short selling is used to profit from an expected downward price movement, to provide liquidity in response to unanticipated demand, or to hedge the risk of an economic long position in the same security or in a related security.6