In addition to the possible use of Silicon Nitride for the creation of membranes to filter tumerous cells, Si3N4 can also be used for biosensors to detect cancerous cells:
Design and bulk sensitivity analysis of a silicon nitride photonic biosensor for cancer cell detection
We proposed silicon nitride MZI sensor architecture as integrated biosensor for point-of-care device. This biosensor detects virus and biomolecules fast and is cost-effective. Our simulated analysis determines optimized waveguide geometry that maximizes the bulk sensitivity. MZI utilizes the refractive index of different cancer cells (1.39–1.401) to determine the waveguide bulk sensitivity .
The absorption of cancer cells at three wavelengths 1563?nm, 1573?nm, and 1579?nm offers high detection rate compared with the standard rib waveguide. The silicon nitride-based waveguide biosensor may be fabricated using CMOS E-beam lithography, and its stability will be matched to the simulated results. The proposed biosensor can provide test results in a short time than the conventional biopsy, which takes two days to detect cancer cells.
Ultrathin silicon nitride membrane with slit-shaped pores for high-performance separation of circulating tumor cells
The silicon nitride (Si3N4) filtering membrane was fabricated via the standard microfabrication technology, which can be easily scaled up to mass-production. 6 µm was determined as the optimum width of the filtering pores to better separate CTCs in whole blood, which can reach a high capture efficiency of ~96%.
Sintx has a collaboration to develop product(s) for cancer treatment. What that product or products is has not yet been disclosed. Furthermore, metal implants increase the liklihood of patients getting cancer so replacing metal implants with Si3N4 could reduce risk of developing cancer as well. A company with cancer treating product potential is current worth less than $10m.
Silicon Nitride, a Close to Ideal Ceramic Material for Medical Application
examples of their medical applications that relate to spinal, orthopedic and dental implants, bone grafts and scaffolds, platforms for intelligent synthetic neural circuits, antibacterial and antiviral particles and coatings, optical biosensors, and nano-photonic waveguides for sophisticated medical diagnostic devices are all covered in the research reviewed herein. The examples provided convincingly show that silicon nitride is destined to become a leader to replace titanium and other entrenched biomaterials in many fields of medicine.
Silicon nitride, silicon carbide and diamond-like carbon as non-oxide ceramics are considered to be the new generation of materials used in hip prosthetics, particularly in the manufacture of acetabular cups, due to their excellent biocompatibility, osteointegration, and tribological and mechanical properties, but all three materials need more study. However, silicon nitride is the nearest to commercialization, through businesses such as Amedica Corp. and SyntX Technologies