After implant placement, Ti particles can be detected on the bone surface and soft tissues around the jaw implant even a few hours. The concentration of Ti particles distributed in the human body is related to the implant distance (Figure ?(Figure1)-the1)-the closer to the implant, the higher the concentration 7. Compared with implants without inflammation, a higher concentration of Ti particles can be detected at the inflammation site of implant 2. Moreover, released from the implant, they enter the blood and migrate to multiple organs throughout the body, which can be found in the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes 6, as well as lung, kidney, and liver (Figure ?(Figure11).
One method to reduce this corrosion issue is a ceramic coating. Completely replacing metal implants with ceramic implants however would completely eliminate the problem.
6.2. Ceramic coating of bioactive substances Bioactive substances ceramic coatings on titanium substrates can effectively promote osseointegration and reduce the pro-inflammatory effect of Ti particles on surrounding tissues 106.