It is estimated that 99.4% (July 2016 est.) of the Iranian population identify as Muslim – the majority being Shi’a (also known as Shi’ite) Muslims.1 Iran is the only Muslim country to declare itself officially Shi’ite. A minority of around 5-10% of the population identify as Sunni Muslims. Within the Shi’a branch of Islam, there are different sects. The biggest is the Twelver Shi’a sect; however, some Iranians are also Ismaili Shi’a Muslims.
Secularism has been a controversial concept in Islamic political thought, owing in part to historical factors and in part to the ambiguity of the concept itself.[1] In the Muslim world, the notion has acquired strong negative connotations due to its association with removal of Islamic influences from the legal and political spheres under foreign colonial domination, as well as attempts to restrict public religious expression by some secularist nation states.[2][3] Thus, secularism has often been perceived as a foreign ideology imposed by invaders and perpetuated by post-colonial ruling elites,[4] and understood as equivalent to irreligion or anti-religion.[5]
Some Islamic reformists like Ali Abdel Raziq in Egypt and Mahmoud Mohammed Taha in Sudan, have advocated a secular state in the sense of political order that does not impose any single interpretation of sharia on the nation.[6] A number of Islamic and academic authors have argued that there is no religious reason that would prevent Muslims from accepting secularism in the sense of state neutrality toward religion.[7] The Sudanese-born Islamic scholar Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im has argued that a secular state built on constitutionalism, human rights and full citizenship is more consistent with Islamic history than modern visions of an Islamic state.[6] Proponents of Islamism (political Islam) reject secularist views that would limit Islam to matters of personal belief and instead advocate for Islamic law and Islamic political authority.[2]
A number of pre-modern polities in the Islamic world demonstrated some level of separation between religious and political authority, even if they did not adhere to the modern concept of a state with no official religion or religion-based laws.[8] Today, some Muslim-majority countries define themselves as or are regarded as secular, and many of them have a dual system in which Muslims can bring familial and financial disputes to sharia courts. The exact jurisdiction of these courts varies from country to country but usually includes marriage, divorce, inheritance, and guardianship.
Countries that define themselves as belonging to one religion or one ethnicity. I bumped into yours again while wandering, and got the urge to revisit it.
The current religious demographics of Iran are disputed.[2] According to the 2011 Iranian census, 99.98% of Iranians believe in Islam, while the rest of the population believe in other officially recognized minority religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism.[3] However, because irreligion and some other religions are not recognized by the Iranian government and apostasy from Islam may be subject to capital punishment, government figures may be distorted.[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Iran
The government does not conduct census on religion, but estimates put the percentage of the majority Sunnis at 85-90%.[4] The rest are other forms of islamic minorities. Other smaller communities (Ismailis and) reside in the south, with Ismailis constituting around half of the population of the province of Nejran, and a small percentage of the Holy Islamic cities of Mecca and Medina. There is also a Christian population of uncertain size. According to Gallup atheists account for 5% of the population with a total non-religious population of 24% https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Saudi_Arabia#Religion
I'm guessing the situation in Afghanistan, Qatar and UAE is sorta similar.
The point i lost sight of earlier i think is the question of the constitutions of the countries.
Oops, can't go to written constitutions as Israel doesn't have one. So where to go. To the law i guess.
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