Most side effects occur during an experimental stage of a vaccine which is 5 to 8 years. The majority of vaccines have gone thru trials from 5 to 8 years to determine if there are any negative side effects. Based on that historical record, Covid 19 has not met the threshold for long term safety to rule out negative problems showing up within 5 to 10 years.
If it met the threshold for long term safety it wouldn't be classified as an experimental drug. The experiment is being conducted on the Covid participants.