Virosome-based nanovaccines; a promising bioinspiration and biomimetic approach for preventing viral diseases: A review. Asadi K1, Gholami A2 Author information International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 15 Apr 2021, 182:648-658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.005 PMID: 33862071 Review
Share this article Share with emailShare with twitterShare with linkedinShare with facebook Abstract Vaccination is the most effective means of controlling infectious disease-related morbidity and mortality. However, due to low immunogenicity of viral antigens, nanomedicine as a new opportunity in new generation of vaccine advancement attracted researcher encouragement. Virosome is a lipidic nanomaterial emerging as FDA approved nanocarriers with promising bioinspiration and biomimetic potency against viral infections. Virosome surface modification with critical viral fusion proteins is the cornerstone of vaccine development. Surface antigens at virosomes innovatively interact with targeted receptors on host cells that evoke humoral or cellular immune responses through antibody-producing B cell and internalization by endocytosis-mediated pathways. To date, several nanovaccine based on virosome formulations have been commercialized against widespread and life-threatening infections. Recently, Great efforts were made to fabricate a virosome-based vaccine platform against a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Thus, this review provides a novel overview of the virosome based nanovaccine production, properties, and application on the viral disease, especially its importance in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine discovery. Full text links Read article for free, from open access legal sources, via Unpaywall: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.005Unpaywall
Read article at publisher's site (DOI): 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.005
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It will be interesting to see how the ongoing studies shift the focus between the full-length S-protein based and the RBD vaccines. The main argument in favor of the S-trimer is certainly the ambition to maintain the nature of the vaccine antigen as close to the natural confirmation as possible, while the interest in the RBD alone likely stems from concerns over adverse immune reactions triggered by full-length spike protein in SARS-CoV and also in RSV [62].
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The virosome-based vaccine induces potent humoral and cellular immune responses critical in confronting life-threatening viral diseases. While RNA viruses mutate at high rates, virosomes can be versatile carriers that could develop multi-antigen epitopes against all strains of RNA viruses.
This vaccine will induce immune protection not only in the blood but will also elicit immune defense protection in the nasal and pulmonary mucous membranes and therefore aims to prevent transmission of the virus and infection at a very early stage before it spreads to other organs.
"The Swiss Mymetix Corporation (OTC: MYMX) follows the route through the nose. It shares intellectual property with major US corporation Catalent (NYSE: CTLT ) on how to pack antigenic material into virus-like particles (known as virosomes). The nasal vaccine is being developed with Baylor College of Texas and has shown promising results in animal studies."
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