It is not up to VISA or MC or your bank whether the dispensary can take your credit/debit card. It is up to the dispensary's merchant processor. These are set up in their point of sale systems. The chip in your card is read by merchant processors and then sent to the credit card company to process payment. Companies like World Pay, Square, Merchant One, these are where the transactions are initiated and the majority of them do not allow their service to be installed on cannabis related point of sale systems. None of the major/most reliable ones do.
There are a few, very few, that allow or specialize in high risk transactions like cannabis. Pacific Merchant Processing is one of them. Colorado probably has more than other states, but the number of quality processors for this market is extremely limited. The market is ripe for GRNF to take some market share in this industry. Once the merchants are signed up (the application requirements are quite lengthy), they are not very likely to leave, regardless of the legal landscape.