of diphtheria toxin in combination with chitosan showed that intranasal immunization was able to increase Th2 responses and, after a boost with the conventional diphtheria toxoid vaccine, enhanced antigen-specific IFN
production [166]. Another study showed that intranasal administration of chitosan and CRM197 was as immunogenic as intramuscular immunization with the conventional diphtheria vaccine adsorbed to alum [167]. Furthermore, H. pylori vaccine with chitosan was used successfully in a therapeutic setting in mice with an equivalent performance as the traditional vaccine adjuvant, cholera toxin (CT). In addition, when infection was not fully eradicated, chitosan immunized mice presented lower bacteria density in the gastric mucosa when compared to CT groups [168].
On another note, to keep it fresh, read this one again
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