Pardon my ignorance...(again!)... I thought for every trade there HAS to be a 'buy' and a 'sell' So isn't the real question whether or not the 'trade ' was made on the 'bid' or 'ask'? We would want to see more trades made at the 'ask' which, if continued, would start to bring the PPS up, because the 'market' is seeing the value of the company as evidenced by their willingness to buy at the price holders are willing to sell at.