Do the poorer parts of NY State receive more back than they pay in State taxes, as documented for IL?
I've never looked. But in NY it has always been an issue with up staters wondering why they should have to support NYC.
My point is some states require a progressive tax based on what they need to support regarding population density and infrastructure needs otherwise you'd have to have a higher flat tax rate overall for everyone which would be a regressive tax penalizing the poor.
The other issue is the Fed doesn't step up the plate with their tax cuts so it is a lose lose situation for states like IL, NY, CT, NJ, and CA.