To answer your question "What is the nature of these "advanced discussions" with the DOE I would say to make sure they are meeting all the requirements of a grant application. CCTC knows there is a lot riding on this grant cycle. They wouldn't want to shoot themselves in the foot with any errors or omisssions in their application package.
In the meantime, all we have to go on is management's consistent record when it comes to employing weasel language to mislead shareholders. "Advanced discussions" is management's verbiage. So that could mean something as incidental as sending a second email.
That kind of talk should be taken with a huge grain of salt.