The fact is that we do not get eclipse every month but there is always an "alignment" period. I am not even sure if the orbit of the moon is exactly in the plane of the orbit of the earth around the sun. If there is a minute inclination between these two orbits, only every so often will the shadow of the earth actually overlap the orbit, and thus the moon.
Consider a truncated cone with the sun at one end and the moon at the other end. From anywhere within this "frustum," or from its surface, the moon will be seen as a full moon. Therefore, the moon will be seen from the earth as a full moon at a spot on the earth when it gets touched by the surface of this cone.
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