Tornado Alley (PROG)

[fuagf]

no, not that time .. i like following the words sometimes, and while listening to it i thought of another on tab for maybe, and right after yours i popped to it .. lol, had it ready to post to your video, but this now a better option, too ..

Madiba, father, troublemaker - Mandela’s names


Ben Curtis/Associated Press - A message using Nelson Mandela’s clan name “Madiba” and a term of affection “Tata” meaning “father”, is scrawled on the window of a car parked in the street outside Mandela’s old house in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa Friday, Dec. 6, 2013. South Africans of all races often referred to Nelson Mandela as simply “Madiba” or “Tata”, terms of endearment that promoted a sense of familiarity for a towering figure who was widely revered.

By Associated Press, Published: December 9

JOHANNESBURG — South Africans of all races often referred to Nelson Mandela as simply “Madiba” or “Tata,” terms of endearment that promoted a sense of familiarity for a towering figure who was widely revered.

The use of the more informal names reflected the personality of a man who could break the bounds of formality by cracking a joke, stopping a news conference to greet a child or strolling over to his neighbors for a “pop-in” visit.

The use of the names for a man who broke the shackles of apartheid, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and who became his country’s first black president created a sense of intimacy for South Africans, since many considered him not only the father of their nation but also like a father or grandfather. Even South African media and officials often use Mandela’s other names.

Here’s a glance at what’s in the names of Mandela, who died Thursday at age 95:
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Madiba:

The name most commonly used by South Africans for Mandela is Madiba. Madiba is the name of the clan that Mandela belonged to and is derived from the name of a chief who ruled in the Transkei region in the 18th century, according to the Nelson Mandela Foundation. By using that name, South Africans expressed their respect for Mandela as the son of a traditional chief, but mostly it as an endearment, creating a sense of familiarity, like one friend would use another friend’s nickname.
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Tata:

In the language of Mandela’s Xhosa tribe, the word simply means “father.” Many South Africans adopted the term to show their affection and respect because they regard him as the father of their democratic nation. Some called him “Tata” also because they held him so dearly that they considered him one of their own family members.

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Rolihlahla:

Mandela’s father, who was a tribal chief in Transkei, a Xhosa homeland in the country’s southeast, gave his son the name Rolihlahla at birth. In Xhosa it literally translates as “pulling the branch from a tree” but colloquially it means “troublemaker,” according to the Nelson Mandela Foundation.
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Nelson Mandela:

His universally known first name Nelson wasn’t given to him until his first day of school by his teacher, according to his autobiography. Giving black South African children a Christian or more English-sounding name at the time was not unusual, a legacy of colonial days when rulers struggled to pronounce African names or viewed them as inferior. Mandela is his family’s last name.
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Follow Juergen Baetz on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/jbaetz

Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/madiba-father-troublemaker---mandelas-names/2013/12/08/640a4d38-6021-11e3-a7b4-4a75ebc432ab_story.html

.. hmm, c'mon, ABC .. "fair use" and "fair dealing"

Fair dealing and other exceptions

The main exceptions to copyright infringement in Australia come under the general heading fair dealing. Fair dealing is comparable to the United States' fair use, is a use of a work specifically recognised as not being a copyright violation. However, unlike fair use, in order to be a fair dealing under Australian law a use must fall within one of range of specific purposes. These purposes vary by type of work, but the possibilities are:

* review or criticism
* research or study
* news-reporting
* judicial proceedings or professional legal advice
* parody or satire (added by the Copyright Amendment Act 2006)

In order for a certain use to be a fair dealing, it must fall within one of these purposes and must also be 'fair'. What is fair will depend on all the circumstances, including the nature of the work, the nature of the use and the effect of the use on any commercial market for the work.

Fair dealing is not the same as fair use, a term which is generally used in relation to the US's open ended exception, which allows any use (regardless of purpose) as long as it is 'fair'. This has, for example, been interpreted by US courts to allow for reasonable personal use of works, e.g. media-shifting, which would not necessarily be permitted under Australia's fair dealing laws. Australian copyright law does, however, have a number of additional specific exceptions which permit uses which may fall outside of both fair dealing and fair use. For example, a number of exceptions exist which permit specific uses of computer software.

In late 2006, Australia added several 'private copying' exceptions. It is no longer an infringement of copyright to record a broadcast to watch or listen at a more convenient time (s 111), or to make a copy of a sound recording for private and domestic use (e.g., copy onto an iPod) (s 109A), or make a copy of a literary work, magazine, or newspaper article for private use (43C).

Australia also has:

* a special division of exceptions applying to computer programs (for interoperability, security testing, normal use);
* a special division of exceptions applying to artworks in public places (to allow photography, incidental filming etc.);
* statutory (i.e. compulsory) licenses that allow use by schools, universities, and others on payment of a license fee set either by agreement or by the Copyright Tribunal (see below).

Because Australian copyright law recognises temporary copies stored in computer memory as 'reproductions' falling within the copyright owner's exclusive rights, there are also various exceptions for temporary copies made in the ordinary course of use or communication of digital copies of works.

.. more .. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_law_of_Australia#Fair_dealing_and_other_exceptions

.. even in Australia to justify my redistibution would i really have to be critical of your article
by wondering why you left an extra space above the line above Madiba and each of the other names .. c'mon ..

.. lol .. curiosity says go to the youtube link now .. i will later ..