WHAT IS THE “SOUL” ACCORDING TO THE BIBLE ?
GENESIS 2:7 –KJV---READS 7 “And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.—“
MANKIND ARE LIVING SOULS MADE UP OF THE DUST OF THE GROUND AND THE BREATH OF LIFE .
THEREFORE WE READ THE FOLLOWING ABOUT SOULS ,MANKIND, THE PERSON HIMSELF OR HERSELF.
Jeremiah 2:34--King James Version (KJV)
34 “Also in thy skirts is found the blood of the souls of the poor innocents: I have not found it by secret search, but upon all these.” [SOULS HAVE BLOOD]
Jeremiah 4:10--King James Version (KJV)
10 “Then said I, Ah, LORD God! surely thou hast greatly deceived this people and Jerusalem, saying, Ye shall have peace; whereas the sword reacheth unto the soul.” [SWORD REACHES INTO THE BODY, SOUL, OF A PERSON ]
Psalm 7:2--King James Version (KJV)
2 “Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending it in pieces, while there is none to deliver” [OUR SOUL,OUR FLESH AND BLOOD BODY, CAN BE TORN TO PIECES BY A LION]
Psalm 22:29--King James Version (KJV)
29 “All they that be fat upon earth shall eat and worship: all they that go down to the dust shall bow before him: and none can keep alive his own soul.” [HIS FLESH AND BLOOD,HIS LIFE AS A PERSON, CAN DIE]
Joshua 2:13--King James Version (KJV)
13 “And that ye will save alive my father, and my mother, and my brethren, and my sisters, and all that they have, and deliver our lives [SOULS-ROOT HEBREW WORD”NEPHESH”] from death.”
Isaiah 53:11-12--King James Version (KJV)
11 “He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.
12 Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.”
JESUS WAS FORETOLD TO POUR OUT HIS SOUL TO DEATH, TO DIE]
Mark 8:36-37-King James Version (KJV)
36” For what shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?
37 Or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul?” [LOSE HIS LIFE, HIS SOUL, HIS BEING AS A “LIVING SOUL”]
Mark 14:34-King James Version (KJV)
34 “And saith unto them, My soul [LIFE,BEING] is exceeding sorrowful unto death: tarry ye here, and watch.”
Luke 1:46--King James Version (KJV)
46 “And Mary said, My soul [LIFE-ENTIRE PERSON] doth magnify the Lord”
John 12:27--King James Version (KJV)
27 “Now is my soul [BEING,ENTIRE SELF] troubled; and what shall I say? Father, save me from this hour: but for this cause came I unto this hour.”
Luke 12:19-20--King James Version (KJV)
19 “And I will say to my soul, [MYSELF,MY PERSON] Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for many years; take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry.[SOUL EATS AND DRINKS]
20 But God said unto him, Thou fool, this night thy soul [LIFE] shall be required of thee: then whose shall those things be, which thou hast provided?”[SOUL WAS GOING TO DIE]
Acts 7:14--King James Version (KJV)
14 “Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls.”[PERSONS,INDIVIDUALS]
James 5:20--King James Version (KJV)
20” Let him know, that he which converteth the sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death, and shall hide a multitude of sins.”[SOUL CAN DIE –NOT IMMORTAL-BUT MORTAL-MORTALS CAN DIE-IMMORTAL MEANS NOT SUBJECT TO DEATH –DEATHLESSNESS]
Hebrews 13:17--King James Version (KJV)
17.”Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls,[LIFE-YOUR BEING-YOU] as they that must give account, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief: for that is unprofitable for you.”
1 Thessalonians 2:8-King James Version (KJV)
8 “So being affectionately desirous of you, we were willing to have imparted unto you, not the gospel of God only, but also our own souls,[LIVES-ROOT GREEK WORD “PSYKHE”-SOUL-LIVING SOUL] because ye were dear unto us.”
John 10:11-King James Version (KJV)
11 “I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life [ROOT GREEK WORD –PSYKHE-SOUL] for the sheep.”[JESUS GAVE UP HIS LIFE[SOUL] AND WAS DEAD FOR NEARLY 3 DAYS IN THER GRAVE,UNTIL JEHOVAH ,HIS GOD AND FATHER RESURRECTED HIM TO LIFE AGAIN]
“SOUL” [BOOK--INSIGHT INTO THE SCRIPTURES -
“The original-language terms (Heb., ne'phesh [??????]; Gr., psy·khe' [????]) as used in the Scriptures show “soul” to be a person, an animal, or the life that a person or an animal enjoys.
The connotations that the English “soul” commonly carries in the minds of most persons are not in agreement with the meaning of the Hebrew and Greek words as used by the inspired Bible writers. This fact has steadily gained wider acknowledgment. Back in 1897, in the Journal of Biblical Literature (Vol. XVI, p. 30), Professor C. A. Briggs, as a result of detailed analysis of the use of ne'phesh, observed: “Soul in English usage at the present time conveys usually a very different meaning from ??? [ne'phesh] in Hebrew, and it is easy for the incautious reader to misinterpret.”
More recently, when The Jewish Publication Society of America issued a new translation of the Torah, or first five books of the Bible, the editor-in-chief, H. M. Orlinsky of Hebrew Union College, stated that the word “soul” had been virtually eliminated from this translation because, “the Hebrew word in question here is ‘Nefesh.’” He added: “Other translators have interpreted it to mean ‘soul,’ which is completely inaccurate. The Bible does not say we have a soul. ‘Nefesh’ is the person himself, his need for food, the very blood in his veins, his being.”—The New York Times, October 12, 1962.
What is the origin of the teaching that the human soul is invisible and immortal?
The difficulty lies in the fact that the meanings popularly attached to the English word “soul” stem primarily, not from the Hebrew or Christian Greek Scriptures, but from ancient Greek philosophy, actually pagan religious thought. Greek philosopher Plato, for example, quotes Socrates as saying: “The soul, . . . if it departs pure, dragging with it nothing of the body, . . . goes away into that which is like itself, into the invisible, divine, immortal, and wise, and when it arrives there it is happy, freed from error and folly and fear . . . and all the other human ills, and . . . lives in truth through all after time with the gods.”—Phaedo, 80, D, E; 81, A.
In direct contrast with the Greek teaching of the psy·khe' (soul) as being immaterial, intangible, invisible, and immortal, the Scriptures show that both psy·khe' and ne'phesh, as used with reference to earthly creatures, refer to that which is material, tangible, visible, and mortal.
The New Catholic Encyclopedia says: “Nepes [ne'phesh] is a term of far greater extension than our ‘soul,’ signifying life (Ex 21.23; Dt 19.21) and its various vital manifestations: breathing (Gn 35.18; Jb 41.13[21]), blood [Gn 9.4; Dt 12.23; Ps 140(141).8], desire (2 Sm 3.21; Prv 23.2). The soul in the O[ld] T[estament] means not a part of man, but the whole man—man as a living being. Similarly, in the N[ew] T[estament] it signifies human life: the life of an individual, conscious subject (Mt 2.20; 6.25; Lk 12.22-23; 14.26; Jn 10.11, 15, 17; 13.37).”—1967, Vol. XIII, p. 467.
The Roman Catholic translation, The New American Bible, in its “Glossary of Biblical Theology Terms” (pp. 27, 28), says: “In the New Testament, to ‘save one’s soul’ (Mk 8:35) does not mean to save some ‘spiritual’ part of man, as opposed to his ‘body’ (in the Platonic sense) but the whole person with emphasis on the fact that the person is living, desiring, loving and willing, etc., in addition to being concrete and physical.”—Edition published by P. J. Kenedy & Sons, New York, 1970.
Ne'phesh evidently comes from a root meaning “breathe” and in a literal sense ne'phesh could be rendered as “a breather.” Koehler and Baumgartner’s Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti Libros (Leiden, 1958, p. 627) defines it as: “the breathing substance, making man a[nd] animal living beings Gn 1, 20, the soul (strictly distinct from the greek notion of soul) the seat of which is the blood Gn 9, 4f Lv 17, 11 Dt 12, 23: (249 X) . . . soul = living being, individual, person.”
As for the Greek word psy·khe', Greek-English lexicons give such definitions as “life,” and “the conscious self or personality as centre of emotions, desires, and affections,” “a living being,” and they show that even in non-Biblical Greek works the term was used “of animals.” Of course, such sources, treating as they do primarily of classical Greek writings, include all the meanings that the pagan Greek philosophers gave to the word, including that of “departed spirit,” “the immaterial and immortal soul,” “the spirit of the universe,” and “the immaterial principle of movement and life.”
Evidently because some of the pagan philosophers taught that the soul emerged from the body at death, the term psy·khe' was also applied to the “butterfly or moth,” which creatures go through a metamorphosis, changing from caterpillar to winged creature.—Liddell and Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon, revised by H. Jones, 1968, pp. 2026, 2027; Donnegan’s New Greek and English Lexicon, 1836, p. 1404.
The ancient Greek writers applied psy·khe' in various ways and were not consistent, their personal and religious philosophies influencing their use of the term. Of Plato, to whose philosophy the common ideas about the English “soul” may be attributed (as is generally acknowledged), it is stated: “While he sometimes speaks of one of [the alleged] three parts of the soul, the ‘intelligible,’ as necessarily immortal, while the other two parts are mortal, he also speaks as if there were two souls in one body, one immortal and divine, the other mortal.”—The Evangelical Quarterly, London, 1931, Vol. III, p. 121, “Thoughts on the Tripartite Theory of Human Nature,” by A. McCaig.
In view of such inconsistency in non-Biblical writings, it is essential to let the Scriptures speak for themselves, showing what the inspired writers meant by their use of the term psy·khe', as well as by ne'phesh. Ne'phesh occurs 754 times in the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Scriptures, while psy·khe' appears by itself 102 times in the Westcott and Hort text of the Christian Greek Scriptures, giving a total of 856 occurrences. (See NW appendix, p. 1573.) This frequency of occurrence makes possible a clear concept of the sense that these terms conveyed to the minds of the inspired Bible writers and the sense their writings should convey to our mind. An examination shows that, while the sense of these terms is broad, with different shades of meaning, among the Bible writers there was no inconsistency, confusion, or disharmony as to man’s nature, as existed among the Grecian philosophers of the so-called Classical Period.”
“Soul—A Living Creature. As stated, man “came to be a living soul”; hence man was a soul, he did not have a soul as something immaterial, invisible, and intangible residing inside him. The apostle Paul shows that the Christian teaching did not differ from the earlier Hebrew teaching, for he quotes Genesis 2:7 in saying: “It is even so written: ‘The first man Adam became a living soul [psy·khen' zo'san].’ . . . The first man is out of the earth and made of dust.”—1Co 15:45-47.
The Genesis account shows that a living soul results from the combination of the earthly body with the breath of life. The expression “breath of the force of life [literally, breath of the spirit, or active force (ru'ach), of life]” (Ge 7:22) indicates that it is by breathing air (with its oxygen) that the life-force, or “spirit,” in all creatures, man and animals, is sustained. This life-force is found in every cell of the creature’s body,
The the term ne'phesh refers to the creature itself, we should expect to find the normal physical functions or characteristics of fleshly creatures attributed to it. This is exactly the case. Ne'phesh (soul) is spoken of as eating flesh, fat, blood, or similar material things (Le 7:18, 20, 25, 27; 17:10, 12, 15; De 23:24); being hungry for or craving food and drink (De 12:15, 20, 21; Ps 107:9; Pr 19:15; 27:7; Isa 29:8; 32:6; Mic 7:1); being made fat (Pr 11:25); fasting (Ps 35:13); touching unclean things, such as a dead body (Le 5:2; 7:21; 17:15; 22:6; Nu 19:13); being ‘seized as a pledge’ or being ‘kidnapped’ (De 24:6, 7); doing work (Le 23:30); being refreshed by cold water when tired (Pr 25:25); being purchased (Le 22:11; Eze 27:13); being given as a vow offering (Le 27:2); being put in irons (Ps 105:18); being sleepless (Ps 119:28); and struggling for breath (Jer 15:9).”
LET THE BIBLE SPEAK FOR ITSELF—1THESSALONIANS 5:21--
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