I find the disambiguation of terminology based on normal vs abnormal function to be more useful than the one based on the arbitrary 1% frequency of the least common allele. As your citation in #msg-75807204 notes with respect to the sickle-cell gene, classifying by function is not entirely clear-cut; however, normal vs abnormal function would seem to provide a reasonable workable definition for the terminology in almost all cases without the need for employing an arbitrary frequency threshold.
“The efficient-market hypothesis may be the foremost piece of B.S. ever promulgated in any area of human knowledge!”
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