ADR or not is not one of the criteria used. Dual listing, yes, but LFT wasn't listed in HK or China. There is no "safe" investment anyway, anywhere in the equity markets. We are trying to be comfortable with a reasonable level of safety, but that doesn't protect us from another LFT-type of fraud. Remember that LFT fooled the brightest minds on Wall Street, PE, ibankers, auditors, and they were doing that for years. There is no absolute safety, but that isn't anything new - and also not China-related.