janice: Abusive naked shorting is not limited solely to penny stocks. Perhaps you missed this: Naked shorting is a phenomenon unknown two years ago, but it now offers the prospect of being the most volatile and significant market activity of the past several decades. It appears, from the evidence gathered, that it is pervasive throughout all markets and all industries. Evidence from the sec shows the outstanding delivery failures can surpass 100 percent of the average daily trading volume. The average for the OTC is approximately 28 percent of the average daily volume. This does not include the ex-clearing fails, which are not reported. Even some NYSE firms experience an abnormal number of fails. NovaStar claims to have FOIA documents showing on some days 40 percent of its daily trading volume fails to deliver. Again, this does not include ex-clearing trades. It is interesting to note that no brokerage firm has admitted the existence of or participation in naked shorting. However, since SHO’s implementation in January of 2005, firms such as Goldman Sachs, Citigroup, JP Morgan, Wachovia, First Clearing, Daiwa, and Credit Suisse have been censured and/or fined for violations of Regulation SHO.17" page 57 The Journal of Trading http://www.csb.uncw.edu/people/moffettc/Research%20Papers/IIJ-JOT-BROOKS.pdf