Bruce, I have great respect for you -- I cannot get into an argument with you over facts but, on reflection, I am sure you will see that this cannot be true >>>Until the will of the people had been broken<<< the "people" had no news whatsoever except what the Junta authorized it was the junta (shogun) that advised the Emperor to issue the surrender edict and it was the bomb that caused the junta to advise the Emperor (I was 14yo - delivering newspapers -- read every one - remember it well)