The hedge funds and the options MMs did it. The hedge funds bought puts totaling 3X the issue in Novastar and drove the price from over $30 to under a dollar.
They did the same thing to BS and to LEH, Fannie and Freddie. They were doing it to the entire financial sector.
The hedge funds have now gotten so large that they can no longer hide their nefarious activities in the OTC market.