chromebuster, In the Palo Alto trial (began in 2000 I believe), there is a $1,200 installation fee ($4,600 new construction fee) with a 7-10 year return on investment (return time depends on 19%, 29%, or 38% buy-in by customers in the area). It is hard to imagine the Japanese using a business model that does not account for the huge expense of laying/running fiber (unless of course the company is betting on population density and a large percentage of users).