For comparison, these were the data from the phase-2 trial completed by Bayer and the now-defunct PPL in 2003. At all but the highest dose, the efficacy was essentially no better than placebo.
Number of Exacerbations as a Percentage of the Placebo Rate
All Exacerbations Severe Exacerbations Dose Group % of placebo p-value % of placebo p-value 250 mg/day 75% 0.21 48% 0.08 125 mg/day 81% 0.35 94% 0.85 62.5 mg/day 106% 0.88 104% 0.91
Lung Function: % Difference from Placebo at Six Months
VC = vital capacity (lung capacity in normal breathing) FVC = forced vital capacity (lung capacity breathing out hard) FEV-1 = forced expiry volume in one second (maximum amount breathed out in one second)
“The efficient-market hypothesis may be the foremost piece of B.S. ever promulgated in any area of human knowledge!”