Having a high safety profile - especially the fact that no torsade de pointes has reported up to date, and the fact that IV vernakalant studies included patients who had AF recurrences on oral antiarrhythmic agents , I think that vernakalant has a high probability to be the next antiarrhythmic approved for the IV termination of recent onset AF. As for the rhythem/rate debate: It makes more sense to me to try and handle rhythem first and go for the rate only if that can not be achieved. Since there is a wide range of etiologies for AF onset, and factors such as structural heart disease, risk for thromboembolic events and hypertension, the appropriate rate control and antiarrhythmic drugs are chosen based on the absence or presence of those factors along with anticoagulation treatment and other procedures.