Yimin Wua,*, David L. Naruma, Sylvain Fleuryb, Gary Jenningsc,1, Anjali Yadavad
Pfs25 formulated with Montanide® ISA51, a water-in-oil formulation
They have been widely used in vaccine development, and the O/W emulsion MF59 and AS03, and W/O emulsion Montanide® ISA51 are components of several licensed vaccines [51].
Despite superb immune-enhancement offered by Montanide® ISA51 and a similar W/O emulsion Montanide® ISA720, the adjuvants ceased to be the choice for clinical development due to high rate of local reactogenicity and unexpected systemic reactions in Phase 1 trials