A Russian reconnaissance plane has been shot down by a Syrian missile over the Mediterranean Sea, killing all 15 people on board, according to the Russian Defence Ministry — and Moscow is blaming Israel for the crash.
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Meanwhile, the leaders of Russia and Turkey have agreed to establish a demilitarised zone in Syria's Idlib region, the last major stronghold of anti-government rebels, where fears have been running high of a devastating offensive by government forces.
The zone will be established by October 15 and be 15 to 20 kilometres deep, with troops from Russia and NATO member Turkey conducting coordinated patrols, President Vladimir Putin said after meeting with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Sochi.
The deal marked a significant agreement between the two leaders and effectively delays an offensive by Syria and its Russian and Iranian allies, one that Turkey fears would create a humanitarian crisis near its border.
Mr Putin said "radical militants" such as the Al Qaeda-linked Hayat Tahrir al-Sham would have to withdraw from the zone.
The group denies it is linked to Al Qaeda.
Asked whether Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's government agreed with the plan, Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu told reporters in Sochi that "in the coming hours, we will agree with them on all the positions put forth in this document".
In recent weeks, Russian officials have repeatedly said that rebels in Idlib were preparing a chemical weapons attack that could be blamed on the Syrian Government and prompt a retaliatory strike by the West.
Turkey had appealed to Russia and Iran, its uneasy negotiating partners, for a diplomatic resolution. At the same time, it has sent reinforcements to its troops ringing Idlib, a move designed to ward off a ground assault, at least for now.