Any machine readable input In essence, all of the machine readable inputs act as scanners, QR codes included (each process is scanning), however, the key lies in whether the scans utilize the Direct or Indirect methodologies to access a system. So long as they employ use of a gateway server (the Indirect method) they cross Neom's patents and must pay the toll (licensing fee)
All of the above is what I have constituted from my own due diligence. I suggest a careful read of all patents by anyone seeking to validate my interpretation. I am not an expert in patents, but I believe fully in the vast due diligence I have put forth over the years.