The American technology route represented by Tesla model, the second generation EV or EV2.0, can be characterized with followings:
1. Tesla chooses high range with the cost of low price so that the driver's anxiety of range could be eased. But the price tag is doubled, makes the Tesla vehicles become the "toys of riches". Even with this limitation, Tesla created its own market for elites.
2. To achieve long range, Tesla vehicle is equipped with battery of high capacity, up to four times of LEAF's. So Tesla uses high energy battery in stead of magnification type battery.
3. Because of high capacity, fast charging within 10 minutes becomes a technical challenge. Slow to medium charging becomes main methods of charging for EV2.0.
4. Tesla battery has much better shelf life, about three time of LEAF battery.
BYD adopts technology similar to EV2.0.
But Tesla model has its critical weaknesses:
1. The long range and low cost can't be achieved at the same time. Tesla is pursuing the low price of $35,000, but they will have to sacrifice the high 400 km range.
2. To use 60-100 kwh battery to achieve high range, high energy battery has to be used, and the single cell energy density has to be higher than 200 wh/kg, or even more than 300 wh/kg. But the rise of battery energy density will cause dramatic temperature increase of battery at work, safety becomes problem. To overcome this problem, battery temperature control system has to be in place to cool off battery. This in turn, increase the battery weight, cost, and electric efficiency, but safety issue persists.
3. Very low efficiency with charging pile. It is impossible to provide charging piles and spots for one million EV in a city. For those commercial vehicle operators, long waiting time of charging is not acceptable, especially for taxi companies and online fulfillment companies.
4. Battery life of 300,000 km is satisfactory for private car, but falls short for commercials cars. a double shift taxi car runs about 500 km a day, and 100,000 to 160,000 km a year. the EV3.0 will reach its battery extremity of 300,000 km in two to three years. So in the taxi's life of average eight years, the battery has be to replaced two to three times. The taxi operators will not bear this cost.
BYD built a taxi fleet of their EV in Taiyuan city as a model. But it failed to operate after one year due to many problems including high cost and short battery life.
In summary, both EV1.0 and EV2.0 are not the solution to replacing fuel vehicle with electric vehicle. EV3.0 comes to the stage.
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