What is stopping UMS from buying the shares on the open market, then retiring them after the merger? The law. They would have to report such a position to the SEC as soon as they owned over 5% of TALK. But since they haven't, they don't. http://www.sec.gov/answers/sched13.htm And buying TALK stock before the merger makes zero sense. Especially since TALK has a significant amount of convertibles outstanding.